Analysis Of Traditional Revenge Tragedy In Hamlet

For my first critical review I will be starting off with A Traditional Revenge Tragedy. This article is written by Poonam Valeria. In her review of Hamlet, the play, she starts off by giving a lightly detailed background of Shakespeare. Then continues to apply the six characteristics of a traditional revenge tragedy and their application to Hamlet. The first characteristic is that the plot has to start off with a crime of some sort, in Hamlet that would be the death of King Hamlet. The death of King Hamlet is what sparked the traveling of Prince Hamlet to Denmark from Germany. If the Prince hadn’t come home than there would be no Hamlet. â€Å"The first murdered character is King Hamlet who is supposed to be revenged by his son prince Hamlet.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦The play of Hamlet obviously applies to this characteristic. The struggle is of the Prince’s decision to end his life or not.The death is of all the lives lost while Prince Hamlet tries to get his revenge (ex: Polonius). The adultery is between King Claudius and the Queen of Denmark. The treachery could be from many things, it could be between Prince Hamlet and his friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern or between Hamlet and his mother. â€Å"Hamlet ponders, and gives too little credence to the fact that he sent Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths without hesitating† (Valeria, 2007) The fifth characteristic: After the revenge has taken place, there are serious consequences on the avenged and avenger. At the end of the play, everyone basically dies. The Queen, the King, Hamlet and Laertes die. â€Å"Thus, all these melodramatic incidents make the play â€Å"Hamlet† a true tragedy in traditional sense of the term revenge.†(Valeria, 2007). And finally the sixth characteristic is that the revenge is delayed till the very end of the play. If it wasn’t obvious, everyone died in the end hence that the revenge that was neededShow MoreRelatedTh e Self Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Self-Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello Introduction Aristotle asserted that all tragic heroes had fundamental flaws that were the source of their undoing, and that were typically the source of their initial success, as well. Oedipus thinks he acts with justice, wisdom, and the assurance of success, and these things also cause him to completely destroy himself when he discovers the truth of his situation, as one prominent example. TheRead MoreEssay about Tom Stoppards Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead1471 Words   |  6 Pagesthat draws upon Shakespeares Hamlet as the source of the story. The actual device of self-reflexive theater is used so well in Stoppards play that it reads like the love child of a play and a compelling critical essay. The play is academic yet conversationally phrased and it deepens our understanding of the original play but also criticizes it. The aspect of self-reflexive theater is used to comment on theater itself but also as a presentation of ideas and analysis that had previously had no placeRead More A nalysis of Ophelia from Hamlet Essay5117 Words   |  21 PagesAnalysis of Ophelia from Hamlet Ophelia is gentle, loving and beautiful. She is also obedient to her father and loyal to her family and it is this which draws her into the circle of disaster and leads to her untimely death. She is deeply in love with Hamlet and believes his tenders to be sincere, but her obedience to both her father and her brother must come first. Laertes tells her to beware of Hamlets interest as it is driven by lust, not love. 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This period starts with the Norman invasion in 1066, where we learn of a woman in the federal aristocracy, marriage viewed as a political act and the introduction of courtly love. It is mysticism and magic that plays a role in the analysis of ideas and stories of the Catholic belief during the Middle English Period which is evident in the literary works of Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. A historically non-Christian era is the backdrop Pg 1 in Beowulf but

Men And Women s Basketball Essay - 1448 Words

Although men and women’s basketball are closer to being equal than softball and baseball, the leagues are still separate. America has a women’s league and a men’s league and never the two shall meet. A woman is not allowed in the NBA since she has the WNBA. The separation is strong, obvious, and seemingly permanent. Like basketball, they created softball to play indoors during the winter. The game earned the name softball and due to its easier properties was often â€Å"regarded as baseball’s stepchild† (Ring, p. 60). They passed the game down to women, as it seemed safe enough to limit the risk of injury. And so the separation began. Astonishingly, sexism still exists and in 2002, columnist Stephen Moore expressed, allowing women to play in March Madness is â€Å"annoying† and the tournament would be better without them (McDonagh Pappano, p. 237). He believes women in sports intrude and ruin â€Å"precious moments of bonding† (McDonagh Pappano, p. 237). This all begins with the idea men are better than women. These mindsets believe men have superior talent and therefor deserve to have their own sports. They should not have to share with the lesser sex. The main reason for keeping them separated? Money. While countless reports show the difference in male and female salaries, they are not required to know males create a larger profit than female athletics. The University of Oklahoma is famous for football and often men’s basketball. The stars of the sports grace the covers SportsShow MoreRelatedNba vs Wnba1115 Words   |  5 PagesNBA vs WNBA Victor Zuniga Composition and Communication I June 30, 2013 Abstract We are going to talk about the differences about the National Basketball Association and the Woman National Basketball Association. Because right now the popularity on the WNBA is known than the NBA, mainly because of the excitement of the NBA brings to the fans is a lot more entertaining than the WNBA, obviously because in the NBA have more money to pay their players and to have nice venue. An interviewRead MoreThe City Of Saint Paul Called Washington Technology Magnet School1238 Words   |  5 PagesOver a millennium, women and men sports have never been viewed the same. When sports were first originated it was only meant for men to compete. During this time, women were forbidden to compete. Woman were always underestimated or never taken for serious. Even to this day women sports are still being seen the same way, especially in high school sports. One school in particular that will be focused on in this paper is in the city of Saint Paul called Washington Technology Magnet School . This schoolRead More Basketball Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesBasketball Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith of Almonte, Ontario. While he was attending the international YMCA Training School (School for Christian Workers) in Springfield, Massachusetts, he was challenged by the Head of Physical Education at the school to create an indoor game to distract students and keep them occupied during the extremely cold winter of that area. His response to this challenge was to create a game that required skill instead of brute strength like otherRead MoreWomen and Sports1522 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Thesis There is a definite correlation between the economics of professional women ¡Ã‚ ¦s sports and their ultimate success. As most success in sport leagues, teams and associations are measured by longevity, win/loss records, and most importantly, revenue, the footprint of female competition at the professional level has not been paramount at any point in our history. Professional women ¡Ã‚ ¦s athletics is characterized by an economic model and a level of acceptance amongst the massesRead MoreGender Challenges Within The Business Of Sports1507 Words   |  7 Pagesfacilities, price of tickets, media coverage, Sports Illustrated covers, and sports reporters. The purpose of this research is to bring attention the disparities that women follow in the business of sports. Women are stereotyped, discriminated against, and harassed in all aspects I have discussed. So my final thoughts on my research are that women will always be acknowledged for their beauty, body, and sex appeal. A woma n’s knowledge of sports, athleticism, and love for the game will never be consideredRead MoreFemale Athletes And Male Athletes1741 Words   |  7 Pagessports. In today’s sports society, women athletes are still discriminated against based on lower salaries, less media coverage, and lack of opportunity. Female athletes are discriminated against in modern sports because they have lower salaries than the male athletes. Over the years the wage gap between male and female athletes has increased tremendously. The wage gap that has been viewed as one of the most extraordinary is the gap between men and women basketball players. An article by David BerriRead MoreSample Resume : Derick Spellers1003 Words   |  5 PagesDivisions. Division 1 and 2 are large public universities NCAA Division 3 are usually small private colleges Division I member schools are required to sponsor a minimum of seven sports for women and seven for men or eight for women and six for men. This must include two sports for both men and women. Every separate college season has to be represented by each gender also. There are also scheduling, participant and contest minimums for each sport. Football Bowl Subdivision teams must meet a minimumRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?971 Words   |  4 Pagesof 10 of those athlete will get a bachelors degree. Plus 35% of them will go to grad school (â€Å"Student†). Image if all of them dropped out because they decided they didn t need a degree because they already maid enough money playing football or basketball. This would lead to a terrible future for the players. Most people go to college to get a good job, why? So they can make money, make more opportunities, make connections and live happier. People with college degrees make $400 more a week then onesRead MoreA Positive Influence On The Next Generation1169 Words   |  5 Pagesother wise women will constantly feel second best and underneath the male dominance that society has created. Gender inequality is especially common to occur in sexism and discrimination against women in sport. Discrimination and sexism in sport occurs to women when they are paid less, treated worse then men and being prohibited to play sports in third world countries simply because they are female. It is said that â€Å"females don’t earn enough purely because women are just not as good as Men†(Julius)Read MoreGender Based Pay And Promotion Discrimination1104 Words   |  5 PagesNewhauser explores the serious hiring discrimination between men and women in the math fields. Researchers from three of the nation’s top business schools examined why women make up such a small portion of those studying or working in math and science, even though they outnumber men in overall undergraduate enrollment. It also shows employers also often fail to recognize that men typically brag about their abilities more readily than women. They suggest that the gender gap in hiring decisions is due

Fixing the Teenage Pregnancy Problem A Humble Suggestion...

A Humble Suggestion It is a melancholy feeling one bears when trying not to stare too obviously at a young girl with a large, attention-calling belly full of baby, and this girl might not even be through her sophomore year in high school. One might wonder what this girl’s plan is. Will this very large girl drop out of school? Is she still seeing whoever put that in her? If so, is he ready to help provide for the future child? One might even wonder if a belly that big is carrying twins, but we all hope not. Occurrences like these are not odd or rare, but no matter how common they have become, the problem is no less evident. This problem is not unsolvable, in fact, many solutions exist, but no matter how promising a proposal is, nothing†¦show more content†¦Though this reasoning is a stretch, abstinence is almost the only 100% effective adversary to teenage pregnancy. Another possible solution is compulsory sterilization, meaning that the government would administer a f orced prohibition of child bearing through surgical sterilization. Though this proposal might initially be perceived to echo similar approaches taken by Nazi Germany under the Third Reich, my resolution is actually much more ethical. Similar to the abstinence-only proposal, forced sterilization is also 100% effective, but unlike the abstinence-only proposal, this policy recognizes that teenagers having sex is inevitable. The enforced sterilization I suggest is much tamer than any implemented by a totalitarian nation. Unlike the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring passed in Germany during the summer of 1933, my proposal is much more modest. The mentally retarded, mentally ill, epileptic, blind, deaf, and physically deformed would not be required for fixing, I merely propose that men who fall under a specific income and intelligence criteria be sterilized through the means of a vasectomy. Money and intelligence move society forward, making them the two perfect st andards to base required sterilization off of. At first glance, this solution may appear too complicated, but dictating it would hardly be something the national government could not easily execute. Tests no different from any otherShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL

Government s Military Interventions Toward Native Peoples...

The primary memory of United States’ westward expansion in the 19th century is one of triumph because it doubled the nation’s territory and increased trade. However, the Old West during the 19th century was characterized by America’s brutal obsession with expansion and the concept of American exceptionalism. In Blood Meridian by Cormac McCarthy, Judge Holden celebrates the human nature of violence and its necessity to find order in chaos. Blinded by the greed for control, he refuses to acknowledge the norms of civilized behavior. Similarly, under the principles of the Manifest Destiny, the U.S. government’s military interventions toward Native peoples overlooked violence. These parallels reflect the exceptionalist idea that one is inherently more virtuous and entitled to higher purposes. Historians and primary accounts confirm the parallelism that McCarthy draws between violence and American history. Therefore, preconceived notions about the positive aspec ts of American expansionism are overturned by the significance of its underlying violence. Attempts to justify westward expansion with Manifest Destiny advocated the pursuit of historical erasure. The American westward movement rooted from the brutality of American exceptionalism and destructive manipulation of history. A New York Daily Times article in 1851 romanticized Manifest Destiny as a â€Å"national progress† where the nation â€Å"thirsts for freedom in the furthest ends of the earth† (â€Å"Annexation in the Pacific†). TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Oil Industry and Nigerian Development4319 Words   |  18 Pagessafe assumption should be that Nigeria is among the leaders in development as a whole, or at least be progressing toward that. The oil industry has, however, interfered somewhat in the development of alternative industries. 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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, AmericanRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. 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Impact Color Associations Have on Gender Stereotypes

intro Surely it is common knowledge nowadays that pink is the colour for girls and blue is the colour for boys, but the real question is, why? How did the colour pink gain its label as a girls colour? And why is blue recognised today as a boys colour? Why have these particular colours become so gender specific? Do these gender normal behaviours reflect some built in biological difference between the sexes or did culture somehow dictate the gender preferences? Are they culturally manufactured? Have we as a modern society constructed this problematic gender identity through the use of advertising and marketing? Despite supposedly living in a modern day era where the efforts are being made to promote gender equality; the stereotyping of gender still remains such a social problem, it is still evident that there is still a major gender divide when it comes to little girls and boys. Throughout this report I will examine the impact that colour associations have on gender stereotyping and how the environments we artificially create add to this establishment of stereotypical beliefs. I will examine how contemporary culture such as media and advertisement contributed to this into creating these superficial connotations? A view from (Bodenhausen Macrae, 1998; Macrae Bodenhausen, 2000), the stereotypes themselves originate in speciï ¬ c beliefs about the sexes that are culturally speciï ¬ ed. The form these beliefs commonly take is that of an association between a particular objectShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Gender Stereotypes1385 Words   |  6 PagesGender stereotypes are simplifications about the acts of adjectives. Gender roles are usually neither positive or negative. They are generally mistaken generalizations of the male and female aspects. Since each human being has contrasting ambitions, opinions, and spirits, disregarding their gender, these stereotypes are strangely condensed and do not all characterize the properties of every person of both genders. Most people recognize that stereotypes are not true, but a lot still make expectationsRead MorePortrayal Of Gender Stereotypes Of Children s Television Commercials1639 Words   |  7 Pages Portrayal of Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Television Commercials. Liuyi Bian University of Florida Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in gender portrayal in children’s television commercials. The hypothesis that stated, if an observed television program is determined to be intended for girls, then the colors used in the commercials would be predominantly intended for girls, is strongly supported. 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Corporate Law Australian Partnership Act

Questions: 1. Explain how a partner can be sued from the operations of the partnership.Be sure to consider liability within the partnership as well as liability to outsiders.2. Will is the only director of Pizza Plus Pty Ltd (Pizza Plus) a small company which makes and sells pizzas in Australia.Wills wife Betty is a director of Dominos Australia Ltd (Dominos) which also makes and sells pizzas in Australia and has justintroduced in Australia the first pizza delivery by drone. This drone delivery has been very successfulBetty is also a shareholder in her husbands company, Pizza Plus. Betty takes from Dominos secret details about the drone delivery service and the customer lists and gives them to her husband and his company, Pizza Plus. Pizza Plus uses these details and startsits drone service and sales increase greatly. A month after starting this new service one of Pizza Plus drones falls and hits Jill, acustomer, on the head, causing serious injuries.a) What types of corporate liability can Piz za Plus Pty Ltd be exposed to because of Bettys actions?b) Can Jill take legal action against Pizza Plus and explain what areas of law could be involved. Answers: 1. According to Australian partnership Act 1963-Section-6, partnership is a legal relation between two or more people hauling on a business with a view of investment, profit and loss. In part 6 of this partnership act, it is stated that partnership involves an external partnership in some provisions of business (Australian Capital Territory, 2015). Furthermore, section-13 of Partnership Act 1963 depicts that each partner of a firm other than incorporated limited partnership will be liable jointly with the other partners for obligations and debts of firm that are incurred at the time while the partner is a partner of the firm. However, a partner will be liable for obligations and debts of the partnership if the partnership is not satisfying clearly the debts and obligations and has a greater extent as stated in partnership agreement (Barron, 2013). Therefore, a partner can be sued from the operation of partnership Act if they involved in a partnership and will held be liable for any t ransaction in the partnership. Liability of Partners to Outsiders: The partnership Act recognizes different kinds of partners such as active or general partners, silent or sleeping partners which may be involved in the management of the firm. In this way, the principle of outsider liability is originated from the case of Re Baird (1870), which is stated in Partnership Act (Adams and Nehme, 2015). This principle depicts that if in a firm the transaction arises due to the normal or usual course and any third party is dealing with the partner as a lack of authority, than the firm will be liable for transaction as the principle of transaction. The liability will be imposed on the all partners by tort and virtue of Partnership Act (NSW s 5; SA s 5; Qld 8; WAs26; Tas s 6; Vic s 9; NTs9; ACT s 9;). Furthermore, the partner can be sued from the operations of partnership and will be liable for any act of partners if the arisen issue is a kind of business and usually carried by the firm. According to partnership operations, if a partner does act within the scope of business but the transaction is not being done in a usual way. Then, the other partners will be not liable for the act of that partner. For example: in case of Jenkins v Goldberg (1889), a partner borrowed fund at 60% interest rate on behalf of the firm which was an unusual way, because the interest rate was far in excess in comparison of normal commercial interest rate (Arbabzada, 2016). Therefore, other partners will be not liable for this action and cannot be sued for this. On the other hand, in case of Holland and Whittington (HW), P is the client of the firm. H as a senior manager dealt with P, but H junior manager gave advice for the investment. P lost a considerable amount and then H junior manager disappeared. I n this situation, P can sue for theirs loses because court held that the advice of investment was in the usual course of the firm therefore the partners are liable for fraud of junior manager. Hence, the outsiders can sue from the rest partners if they do not recover their amount from the engaged partner. 2 (A). In the given case, Betty used secret details of Dominos about the drone delivery service and customer lists and give them to other company. Therefore, the given situation is a clear case, where a corporation has been involved in wrong doings by seeking to get inside information of a competing company. So, the corporate liability arises and also, as the director of the company was fully aware and involved in this offence, directors personal liabilities also arise. The corporate theory emphasizes a wider range of practical issues that are related to corporate law. In Australia, corporate liability for wrong doing and responsibility are remarkable for a number of reasons (Arofa et al, 2015). In this way, they exhibit a clear tendency towards the concept of blameworthiness that will lead to criminal corporate liability for the organization rather than a contractual model of corporation. Furthermore, there are major expansions in Australian law for the strictness of sanctions emplo yed as a method of accountability for corporate misconduct. According to Criminal Code Act 1995, an individual commits offence against section 271.5, 271.6, 271.7, 271.7D or 271.7E if he is conducted to the constitution of offence that occurred within a territory and the conducted constitution of the offence is engaged by Constitutional Corporation (Austlii, 2016). Furthermore, the corporate employer may be sued for the action of its employees by the theory of vicarious liability. According to vicarious liability it is responsibility of employer that if it does not discuss the responsibility of employees then employer would be liable for damages and injuries (Giliker, 2010). According to competition act, the company may be held liable to cause the competition away from both of the companies as Dominos Australia Ltd and Pizza Plus Pty Ltd (Morandin and Smith, 2011). Along with this, Pizza Plus breached the terms, policies and conditions defined in the Australian corporate law 2001. This is the case of like insider trading in which the confidential information of the company is used by the investors for personal benefit. Similarly, Will used the confidential information of Dominos Australia Ltd for competing against the company and achieving the higher growth (CCH Australia, 2010). The company may be held liable because the way of competing and w inning the market used by company is not legally fair. The company may be held liable for the public interest because the information stolen by the Pizza Plus will affect the business of Dominos Australia Ltd which causes the wealth loss to investors. (B). Yes, Jill can take legal action against the Pizza Plus Pty Ltd. According to Australian law, it is the responsibility of management and director that they have all the business information confidential. In this case, according to Law of Torts, Jill can take legal action against the Pizza Plus Pty Ltd. the law of tort describes that an individual is liable to take legal action if individual face the loss, injury, and any damage from the other person then individual can sue case against the responsible people and firm for compensation (Calo et al, 2016). As per the law, the liability of tort arises when an individual suffers from damage and injury due to violation of contract by any other person. In this type situation, the person who breaches the rules by implementing new services in organization without having the full information about the project then organization will be liable to pay compensation. In context of Jill, the Jill can sue the case on Pizza Plus Pty Ltd as they im plemented the drone delivery service on basis of Dominos Australia Ltd services. Further, on basis of Corporations Act 2001, it is required that company or firm doesnt disclose any secret information of company to others (CCH Australia, 2010). If they does and caught by law they would be liable for entire case. The case between Liebeck v. McDonalds Restaurants 1992 is an example case in which company is liable for customers injury. In this case, coffee cup was fall on the Liebeck and he suffers from the burn injuries. After this StellaLiebeck sue a court case against the McDonald and court accepts the plea of Liebeck. In this case, court founded that according to law of tort, McDonald is liable for entire case and court give the order to McDonald for the StellaLiebecks compensation (Rosenfeld, 2015). On the other hand, in case of Jill and Pizza Plus the Australian product testing laws breaches. In this case, it is possibility that Pizza Plus implement the concept of drone delivery service without any testing and it has some technical issues which cause the drones falls. If any person suffers injuries due to lack of testing then the company or firm would be liable for entire case which implements concept of drone delivery service (ACCC, 2016). According to Australian product testing law, In case of Jill and Pizza Plus, it is the responsibility of company that they would conduct product testing related to service s of Drone delivery system to provide the better services and reduces the risk of injuries. But Pizza Plus does not test the services of Drone delivery system and it cause of Jills serious injuries. The case of Procter Gamble related to Clairol Touch of Yogurt Shampoo in 1979 is the example case for the product testing. In this case, company does not conduct any testing related to shampoo quality and after using this product many customers face the various skin diseases (Frohlich, 2014). Further, court accepts the plea of peoples and gives order to company for customers injuries compensation and to stop the sale of that product. On the basis of this, it can be said that Jill is liable to take legal action against the Pizza Plus. References: ACCC, (2016) Product testing [online]. Available at: https://www.productsafety.gov.au/product-safety-laws/compliance-surveillance/product-testing (Accessed: 25 January 2017). Adams, M. A., and Nehme, M. (2015) Business Organization. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Arbabzada, Z. (2016) Law of Associations. [Online]. Available at: https://studentvip-notes.s3.amazonaws.com/901-sample.pdf (Accessed: 25 January 2017). Arofa, E., Yunus, A., Sofyan, A. and Borahima, A., (2015) Corporate Criminal Liability for Corruption Offences in Indonesian Criminal Justice System.International Journal of Advanced Research,3(8), pp.246-250. Austlii, (2016) Commonwealth Consolidated Acts [online]. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/cca1995115/sch1.html (Accessed: 25 January 2017). Australian Capital Territory (2015) Partnership Act 1963. [Online]. Available at: https://www.legislation.act.gov.au/a/1963-5/current/pdf/1963-5.pdf (Accessed: 25 January 2017). Barron, M. (2013) Fundamentals of Business Law. Australia: McGraw-Hill Education. Calo, R., Froomkin, A. and Kerr, I. (2016) Robot Law. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. CCH Australia, (2010) Corporations Act 2001, ASIC Act 2001, related regulations, current as at 1 January 2010. AU: CCH Australia Limited. Frohlich, T. (2014) The 10 Worst Product Fails of All Time [Online]. Available at: https://time.com/13549/the-10-worst-product-fails-of-all-time/ (Accessed: 25 January 2017). Giliker, P. (2010) Vicarious Liability in Tort: A Comparative Perspective. UK: Cambridge University Press. Morandin, N. and Smith, J. (2011) Australian Competition and Consumer Legislation 2011. AU: CCH Australia Limited Rosenfeld, J. (2015) Liebeck v. McDonalds: The Hot Coffee Controversy [online]. Available at: https://www.rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com/news/liebeck-v-mcdonalds-the-hot-coffee-controversy/ (Accessed: 25 January 2017).

Organizational Theory and Decision Making Health and Social Care

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Theory and Decision Makingfor Health and Social Care. Answer: Introduction The health and social care sector relies upon the physical and social well being of society members. The social care sectors provide different kinds of health care services, which supports service users well being. To provide quality health and social care service, proper management of the organization is very important for these organizations. In this context, organizational theory has a very important role. Based on the type of the organization, different organizational theories are followed by the health and social care organization, like the other corporate sector organizations (Nicolini, 2012). Organizational theory is referred to the approach, by which the organizational analysis is done. There are different perspectives, based on which the organizational theories are developed. The classical, neoclassical and environmental perspectives have been analyzed by many scientists; based on which the organizational theories has been developed. A strategy, which is adopted by the organ ization in a particular situation, may not be applicable to another situation, thus, a generalized standards should be established in the organization, which would be able to evaluate the suitability of a strategy in any kind of situation (Argote, 2012). Usually, organizations experience several issues regarding right decision-making. In this context, organizational theory has a significant role in providing a strategic direction to the organizational management. In this essay, the focus is the discussion about the importance of organizational theory on the decision making of Queenly Community health service. The organization provides counseling services to the community members, but the organization is experiencing some issues regarding client access. Understanding the importance and role of organizational theory can help to make right decisions about the strategies for improving the situation. Background of the Situation The main focus of this essay is to address the needs of Queenly community health service to understand the importance of organizational theory and to follow the suitable organizational theory, which help the organization to understand the correct strategic decision for the organizational well being. QCHS is a social service organization, which offers a wide range of services in their regional area. The care users are referred to the organization by their health care practioners or they are self-referred. The organization uses service model for delivering counseling services to the care users; which include an initial counseling appointment with the general counseling practitioner or a specialist-counseling practitioner (Hassard Pym, 2012). While getting the appointment, the clients current needs are assessed by the rostered intake-counseling practitioner, who is accountable for referring the clients to specialist or general counseling team of QCHS. According to their model of care d elivery, a client has to wait for 3 months to come for the intake assessment appointment. Though the organization receives workforce cost CPI (customer price increase) to be increased per years, staffing is not increasing significantly. Thus, the organizational management is being inefficient to deal with these issues. Implementation of strategic decisions following a suitable organizational theory would help to deal with these issues (Battilana Casciaro, 2012). In this situation, the organizational model of care delivery should be modified for achieving more efficiency in care delivery along with the incorporation of some new strategy and practices for improving client access and organizational operations. Therefore, such organizational theory should be carefully selected, which supports organizational change. In this case, the contingency theory would be the suitable one for undertaking strategic decision in QCHS. Importance of Organizational Theory in Organizational Decision Making The organizational decision-making is one of the most important part in the management, which is supported by a suitable organizational theory. For instance, if the organization is facing issues related to staffing or client handling, the contingency theory of leadership can be followed. This theory states that based on the situational analysis, the leader should select the leadership style to be followed, which would beneficial for the organization. Aligning with the contingency leadership theory, the leader would adopt the right leadership style; as a result, the leader would be able to handle the complex situation in the organization. The contingency theory views the organization as a constrained optimization problem, thus, the organizational management should always try to maximize the performance by eliminating the internal and external constrains. In the context of QCHS, the organization is experiencing inefficient utilization of resources and inappropriate client handling, whi ch can be mitigated by improving the leadership aspects. Blackmore and Sachs (2012) claimed that, according to the contingency organizational theory, there is no best strategy or way, through which an organization can make decision in any kind of contemporary situation. Rather, the optimal course of action is contingent upon the internal and external situation. Before making the strategic decision for the organization, with the help of the selected organizational theory, the current needs should be assessed.. As a result, the operations or practices undertaken by the organization are not meeting their objectives and expected outcomes (Seo et al., 2012). Therefore, the objective of the decision-making would be to modify the model of care, which would be more accessible ad effective for the clients. On the other hand, another priority is the utilization of the financial and human resource properly, for satisfying the clients. Operations Analyzing the situation at QCHS, it has been understood that the organization needs change management for improving the entire system. Therefore, the organizational change will be accomplished by renewing and managing the organizational operations. The human resource management system of the organization would have a key role in managing the operations, to support the change in the organization. In this context, the contingency theory of decision-making highlights that the effectiveness of an organizational decision depends upon different facets of the situation, based on which the decision is being made (Senior Fleming, 2006).These features include: The level of relevant literatures acquired by the leaders and subordinates The importance of quality and acceptance of the decision The level of disagreement within the subordinates regarding the alternatives for change implementation The first and foremost strategic decision that should be taken by the organization is improving the leadership style of the leaders. The managers and team leaders of QCHS counseling team should be trained to support the change. It is because, in organizational decision making regarding change implementation, the leaders plays a pivotal role in empowering the subordinates to adapt the change. Fred fielder, the developer of contingency theory argued that team performance is the result of the association between the environmental characteristic and the leadership style adopted by the leader (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo Gutirrez-Gutirrez, 2012). Therefore, a education session for the leaders and managers would be the initial strategic decision, supporting the contingency theory of decision making. The education process for the leaders would include three sessions. Module 1: Introduction to the new system, software and website designs and resource utilization Module 2: Management and empowerment of organizational workforce through the change implementation period, with the adoption of transformational leadership style Module 3: Handling clients with the new system for gaining beneficial outcomes The contingency theory directs the organizational leaders to adopt transformational leadership style, because, this leadership style helps leaders to support change and to adopt leadership skills for encouraging subordinates. Based on this theory, the contingent leader should effectively apply his own style of leadership to handle the situation in a correct way. The next strategic decision that the organization should undertake, would be to utilize their financial resources, by recruiting an experienced financial analyst (Elwyn et al., 2012). From the situation analysis of QCHS organization, it has been revealed that, the organization is receiving customer price increase each year, but due to inappropriate utilization, the staffing positions are not anticipated for QCHS. Thus, the financial analyst would be able to identify the areas, where the management team is inappropriately utilizing resources. Based on the contingency theory of decision-making, the analyst would collect the res ources from the leaders and team members and based on that the resource assessment would be done. An Electronic resource utilization software would be integrated in the management system. This system would be able to track the details of resource utilization in an electronic version, thereby enhancing the safety of the information. The stored data in this system, would be analyzed by the financial analyst. He would then be able to analyze the resource utilization by each component or department of the organization with the expected outcomes (Barry Edgman-Levitan, 2012). For instance, if one area is identified, where a huge amount of financial resource is utilized, but expected outcomes are not reached, the analyst can cut the cost from there to be utilized in such a domain, where the expected outcomes are meeting efficiently. In this way, the staffing shortage can also be mitigated, by utilizing the financial resources in recruiting and training more staffs (Young, 2012). With more staff, QCHS professionals would be able to attain more patients at a time; thereby reducing clients waiting time. Client Access To improve the clients access, staffing should be improved by the organization. Several factors are affecting or hindering the client access in QCHS. One factor is lack of knowledge and skills of the service providers. Due to lack of knowledge about management of consumer services, the proper management of clients needs is being hampered. As a result, the organizational management is being hampered, which is inducing issues regarding client management. Hence, introducing training session for the professional would be suitable for improving the client management. In the training session, the time management skills would be taught. The training would be aligned with the newly implemented model of care delivery. In this way, the internal skills of leaders can be improved, making them efficient in handling subordinates and clients (Carr Beresford, 2012). According to the contingency theory, the organizational management should be able to implement different strategies based on the situa tion. QCHS needs to renew the operation and management system for improving client access. In QCSH, clients have to wait for more than 3 months, to get a n appointment. However, the organization can introduce online appointment option, which will help the clients to access the organizational website of get an appointment. A system can be integrated, which will help the professionals would be able to directly communicate with clients through video chat. It would eliminate the necessity of clients waiting for more than three months. The system will include the development of a software, associated with organizational website, through which all the client related activities could be done (Catlin-Legutko Klingler, 2012). The system would be able to record clients information, date of appointment, personal and demographic information, follow ups, resources required for counseling, payment and other important aspects. It would make the process easier to handle and faster. The Client woul d not need to wait for months for needs assessment, as it would be done by video chat, through the same website. The system would also include the SMS reminder facility, to keep the track of clients adherence (Knights Willmott, 2012). The leaders would play a pivotal role in the assessment and client management process, by applying democratic leadership style. The entire care delivery process would be discussed in the next part. Model of Care Delivery In QCHS, the model of care delivery includes the a rostered intake-counseling practitioner, who practices the need assessment of the clients and attempt to address the actual reason of counseling; and then, based on the priority and health needs, the generalized or specialized counseling appointment are set. However, sometime, based on the health priority, patients, who need emergency counseling, are attended by QCHS practitioners. The model of care delivery would be designed based on the contingency theory of decision-making. According to this theory, the change should be conveyed to the members and the goals should be set based on their acceptance or disagreement (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012). Therefore, initially, all the employees would be provided with a session regarding the organizational change and their consent would be collected. Based on their acceptance, the following model of care delivery would be implemented: Contact with the client through QCHS website or telephone Collection of demographic information and reference Documentation and reason for counseling Video chat with the client, through the organizational website and detailed needs assessment. This step will replace the initial counseling appointment for needs assessment. Based on health needs, the client would be categorized, whether he should be appointed to a general or a specialist counselor. Goals of counseling program would be set, based on clients needs, following the contingency theory of decision-making. The reminder would be set in the software with the name and client ID, which would also be immediately conveyed to the professional team or individual practitioner, to whom the client is being appointed. It will help to schedule professionals convenience. An appointment date would be generated immediately and a reminder would be sent to clients personal mobile number With improved staffing, the waiting time of client would be reduced. Clients would get an appointment within 1-2 week of the initial needs assessment All the resource required for the client would also be documented electronically A gentle reminder would be sent to the client, via SMS one day before the scheduled appointment by the HR department After the first session, based on the requirement, client would get online follow-up counseling session. Face-to-face counseling would only be applicable to the emergency patients All the documentation would be in the electronic version Each clients data would be conveyed and discussed with the team, and the analyst will keep the track of resource utilization. After completion of the counseling sessions, feedback would be collected, which would be used for further change management. Above discussion shows, the importance of organizational theory in decision-making has been understood. It reveals that, contingency theory is the best-suited organizational theory for QCHS. This theory reveals that leaders should use the best leadership style for decision-making in contemporary situation and there is no way by which an unique strategy can be implemented at any organizational circumstances. In QCHSs situation, the leadership and decision-making strategies should be prioritized (Pearson, 2012). Thus, contingency theory directed the requirement of adopting transformational leadership style by the organizational leaders. It helps the leaders to guide their subordinate during change implementation. On the other hand, the contingency theory of decision-making helped the management to consider the acceptance or disagreement of the staffs before implementing the change. It influences the leaders to use democratic leadership style, following the contingency theory, where lea ders can adopt the best leadership style to deal with the situation through the correct strategy (Shore, 2012). Conclusion In this essay, the focus was to discuss the importance of organizational theory in context of QCHSs organizational conflicts. Based on the situation, the contingency theory has been selected and followed for change implementation in the organization. Following an organizational theory is important for analyzing the situation and selecting the best possible strategy to resolve the organizational conflicts. Here, the improvement in leadership, an organizational system development and financial analyst recruitment has been discussed as the possible strategic decision for QCHS. Reference List Argote, L. (2012).Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Springer Science Business Media. Barry, M. J., Edgman-Levitan, S. (2012). Shared decision makingthe pinnacle of patient-centered care.New England Journal of Medicine,366(9), 780-781. Battilana, J., Casciaro, T. (2012). Change agents, networks, and institutions: A contingency theory of organizational change.Academy of Management Journal,55(2), 381-398. Blackmore, J., Sachs, J. (2012).Performing and reforming leaders: Gender, educational restructuring, and organizational change. Suny Press. Carr, S. Beresford, P. (2012). 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