British Monarchy and comparison with Turkey

The United state of coarse Britain and Northern Ireland is a primitive and inheritable monarchy. In pr enactmentice, it is a democracy operating by a sevens organisation (a dodge in which ultimate authority is held by the legislature) under a figure passing play sovereign who reigns and does non linguistic rule. The British fantan system, with a nous of state who is non the sharpen of political science, has been a model for many new(prenominal) countries. Wales and England (excluding greater London) atomic number 18 divided into counties and metropolitan counties, which argon heavily populated atomic number 18as. All counties ar subdivided into districts.Each county and district has an choose council (Coleman, 2006). A regime reorganization, effective in 1974, greatly minify the number of local administrative units and redrew county boundaries. dissertation Statement This study scrutinizes the differences and similarities betwixt British monarchy and the br ass system of bomb thus, it to a fault figures out the differences between complete monarchy and state and gives idea of what domineering monarchy and a constitutional monarchy ar. II. Discussion A. leavings and Similarities o British Monarchy Constitution.The British constitution is non to be engraft in any single create verbally document. It is a body of rules consisting partly of create verbally material and partly of established principles and practices know as conventions. It allows historic documents much(prenominal) as Magna Charta, the Petition of Right 91628), and the Bill of Rights (1689). It includes certain(prenominal) basic statutes ( police forces). And it includes rules established by rough-cut law (Winter, 2003). Rules of the constitution arsehole be changed only by an act of parliament or through establishment of a brisk convention by practice and planetary acceptance.Composition of Government. sevens, although supreme, governs in the name of the big top (monarch). There are one-third variety meat of governmentlegislature, decision maker, and judiciary. ? The legislature consists of the two abide of fantan and the pansy (whose formal consent must be prone for ward a bill becomes a law). ? The decision maker consists of the cabinet and another(prenominal) take cares (officials) of the flush administrative surgical incisions staffed by Civil Service employees and unremarkably headed by ministers local authorities and boards created by statute to operate various industries and helpings.The coffin nail is formally the head of the executive body. The ministry, re inaugurateing the political political political party in control of parliament, is called Her majestys government or the government (Crowl, 2002). ? The judiciary, of which the pantywaist regnant is nominally the head, is autarkic of two(prenominal) the legislature and the executive. Crown. The inheritance of the thr nonpareil goes to the firstbo rn son and his heirs, or if there is no son the firstborn daughter and her heirs, or if there are no children to the eldest brother and his heirs. Elizabeth II succeeded her father, George VI, in 1952.The Queen acts in governmental matters only on the advice of her ministers, and by convention may not refuse to act on such advice. Not only her approval notwithstanding her participation is required in the pass of government. She summons and dissolves Parliament, approve bills, and signs state papers. She approves the fitting of all ministers of the Crown and gives her consent to the administration of a cabinet. In doing so, she any(prenominal)times has a choice in selecting a new prepare minister. In consulting with her ministers she may exemplar some influence over policy (Morgan, 2004).Because of the sovereigns telephone exchange bureau in the function of government, British law provides for the appointment of a regent to act in the event that the sovereign is unable(p) to perform the responsibilities of the Crown. As formal head of the British Commonwealth of Nations, the Queen is the type of Commonwealth unity. In addition to her roles in government, she is head of the armed forces and temporal head of the church of England. The Privy Council assist the Queen in issuing Orders in Council and olympian proclamations. It is largely an honorary body that acts on decisions made by ministers or Parliament.It is constitute of all cabinet divisions and more(prenominal) than three hundred eminent persons selected, for life, by the Queen upon the passport of the prime minister. Parliament. The upper house of Parliament is the habitation of Lords, in which membership is inheritable or by appointment the start is the signboard of common land, an elective body. ? The theater of Lords has more than 1,000 members, consisting of royal princes (who take no mobile role), hereditary peers and peeresses, spiritual lords (archbishops and senior bishops of the church service of England), and life by the Queen upon the passport of the prime minister).The life peers include Lords of Appeal, jurists who dish out as justices when the House functions as a speak toyard of appeal (Crowl, 2002). All hereditary Scottish peers are entitled to sit down in the house of lords, but Irish peers ate excluded unless they hold peerages of Great Britain or the United Kingdom. Only about cl members actually attend. The House of Lords has limited post. It can neither reject nor amend law dealing with finances, but can ride out other kinds of legislation for one year. The House of Lords thus serves as a note on hasty action by the Commons. Members of the House of Commons, called members of Parliament (M.P. s) are elected by universal adult suffrage. Parliament cannot sit indefinitely, but must be dissolved at least at a time every five years. General elections are called afterward it is dissolved (Coleman, 2006). The prime minister is respon sible for determining when a common election is held and may call for one at any time at heart the five-year period. One member is elected from apiece of 635 constituencies (electoral districts determined by population). A member does not have to live in the constituency from which he is elected. A by-election is held within an psyche constituency when a vacancy occurs (Randle, 2001).The political party or coalition of parties holding the volume of seats in the House of Commons provides the prime minister, usually the acknowledged party leader. The prime minister chooses the other ministers of the Crown and designates certain ones to be members of the cabinet. A minuscular number of ministers are taken from the House of Lords, the majority from the Commons. The largest minority party in the House of Commons leads the official Opposition. The House of Commons normally adopts the bills proposed by the government and affirms its program.However, if the government follows a course displease to the House of Commons, a vote of self-assurance is taken (Randle, 2001). If it is negative, the government must resign. Generally, Parliament is then dissolved and a general election is held. The Cabinet and the Ministry. Under the leaders of the prime minister, the cabinet and the ministry perform the executive functions in the British government. The cabinet is unruffled of the most of the essence(p) ministers, usually not more than 20. The ministry includes all heads of administrative departments.Some are known as secretaries of state, some as ministers, and some by special titles, such as the premier of the Exchequer. There are also ministers who are not department heads. Other members of the ministry are the Lord chancellor and law officers (Morgan, 2004), deputy ministers known as ministers of state, and junior ministers known as parliamentary secretaries or undersecretaries of state. Judicial System. The House of Lords is the highest court of appeal for civil cases and for certain abominable cases. The Supreme greet of Judicature, compose of the mellowed Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, deals with important civil cases.Minor cases are move in county courts. Criminal cases may be appealed to the Court of Criminal Appeal, after being tried in assize courts or magistrates courts (Morgan, 2004). Trial by jury is used for all but minor crimes. Administration of the judicial system is shared by the Lord Chancellor and the home secretary, both members of the cabinet. Defense. The three branches of British armed forces are the army, the Royal gloriole Force, and the Royal Navy (which includes the Royal marines). civilian control is exercised by the secretaries of state of war and air and the first lord of the admiralty (Randle, 2001).All three are responsible to the minister of defense, a member of the cabinet. o Turkey The land of Turkey was proclaimed in 1923, with Kemal Atturk as its first president. Far-r distributivelying p olitical, social, and economic reforms were put into effect. Ataturk abolished the sultanate and subsequent exiled all Ottoman heirs. He did inter bailiwick with old traditions associated with the empiremen could no longer wear the fez (a hat), nor women the veil. Women were given political and civil rights equal to those of men. Church and state were separated (Spencer, 2003) , and the property of the mosques bailiwickized.Universal fosterage and a new law formula were introduced. When many of these changes were not accepted by the people, Ataturk assumed unlimited dictatorial powers. subsequently his death in 1938, the premier, Ismet Inonu, was elected president. By the Montreux Cinvention of 1936, Turkey was given the right to twine the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits. Treaties of alliance were signed with Great Britain and France in 1939. During World War II, Turkey remained nonsubjective until 1944, when it broke relations with Germany (Weiker, 2001). The following yea r, it declare war on Germany and Japan. Government.Turkey has been a republic since 1923 as mentioned earlier. Under the constitution to the third Republic (1982), executive power is vested in the president, legislative power in the content Assembly, and judicial power in independent course. The president (head of state) is chosen by the national Assembly for a seven-year term. He is back up by a state consultative council, composed of former presidents and military chiefs of staff. From among the national Assembly (Hale, 2001), the president appoints a prime minister (head of government0, who in sprain selects the other ministers to form the Council of Ministers (cabinet).The national Assembly is composed of 450 deputies popularly elected for five-year terms. The president has the power to dissolve the national Assembly and rule under emergency powers. The judicial system consists of civil, administrative, military, and constitutional courts. The even civil courts include co urts of first instance (courts having original jurisdiction), central criminal courts, and commercial courts. The highest tribunal is the court of cassation, which is a court of appeals (Weiker, 2001). Local Government. Turkey is divided into 67 administrative divisions it calls ils, each named for its chief city.An il is subdivided into ilces, and these in turn into bucaks. At the head of each il are a governor, representing the central government, and an elected council. Military Affairs. Turkey maintains a regular army, navy, and air force. In addition, there is the Jandarma, a rural police force. Military service is compulsory for all men after the age of 20 for a 20-month period. B. Difference of absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy and republic. Absolute monarchy pertains to the absolute power of the big businessman or puff as the ruler of the country.The power has bestowed in him/her to do the things he/she wishes to do. On the other hand, constitutional monarchy is u nder the ruling of the queen however its accompanied with the constitution. The king or queen cannot decide for himself/herself or make any moves which are not written under the constitution (Bogdanor, 1997). all(prenominal) decision should be in distribution channel in the constitution of the said country. When we pronounce republic, it pertains to a country in which both the head of the state and the members of the legislature are elected directly or indirectly by the people.Most of the nations of the world today, including the United States and the Soviet Union, are republics. The rest, in most instances, are monarchies, in which the head of the state (a king, queen, or prince) comes into office through inheritance. III. Conclusion In conclusion, many people are not happy under these kinds of monarchies because they dont see the function of the royal families anymore. slew are all feed up and see that monarchies are a expression of showing selfishness to power because only t he kindred line of the king or queen can inherit the throne and not giving a chance to others.In 1980 in Turkey, after renewed violence between political factions, the armed forces seized control of the government, disbanded parliament, hang up the constitution, and established a ruling military military junta of military officers. Within two year, the junta achieved political stability and eased some of the coutnrys economic difficulties. Reference 1. Bogdanor, Vernon (1997). The Monarchy and the Constitution. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 2. Coleman, Francis (2006). Great Britain the Land and Its mint (MacDonald). 3. Crowl, P. A. (2002). The Intelligent travellers Guide to Historic Britain (St.Martins Press). 4. Hale, William (2001). The Political and Economic Development of moderne Turkey (St. Martins Press). 5. Morgan, K. O. (2004). The oxford Illustrated History of Britain (Oxford University). 6. Randle, John. (2001). instinct Britain a History of the British People and Their Culture (Basil Blackwell). 7. Spencer, William (2003). The Land and People of Turkey, rewrite edition (Harper & Row). 8. Weiker, W. F. (2001). The Modernization of Turkey from Ataturk to the present Day (Holmes & Meier). 9. Winter, Gordon (2003). The Country Life jut Book of Britain (Norton